Everything about Hooliganism totally explained
Hooliganism refers to unruly and destructive
behaviour. Such behaviour is commonly associated with
sports fans, particularly supporters of
professional football and
university sports. In some countries, the hooligan elements of a group of supporters are known as
Category C. The term can also apply to general rowdy behaviour and vandalism, often under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Etymology
The term has been used since at least the 1890s, to describe the behaviour of
street gangs. The first use of the term is unknown, but it appeared in an 1898
London police report. One theory is that the word came from the name of an
Irish hoodlum from
Southwark, London named Patrick Hoolihan. There has also been reference made to a 19th century family by that name who lived in rural Ireland, known for their wild lifestyle, resulting in anyone who lived similarly as being referred to as a
hooligan. Another theory is that it came from a street gang in
Islington named
Hooley. Yet another theory is that the term is based on an Irish word,
Hooley, which means a wild, spirited party..
Russia and Argentina
In the
Soviet Union, hooliganism (
хулиганство) was made a criminal offence under the penal codes of the Soviet republics. Article 213 of the penal code defined hooliganism as "any deliberate behaviour which violates public order and expresses explicit disrespect towards the society." This law was often used by Soviet authorities against political dissidents. Hooliganism is still covered under the
criminal and administrative codes of Russia, and is applicable to persons at least 16 years old. Hooliganism is graded into
Malicious hooliganism (
злостное хулиганство),
hooliganism (
хулиганство), and
Petty hooliganism (
мелкое хулиганство).
Petty hooliganism is "subject to administrative proceedings" (roughly equivalent to application of the
civil law) and classified as roughly equivalent to an
infraction. It is mostly applied to minor street disorders and fighting by urban youth.
Malicious hooliganism is defined as being committed "with extraordinary cynicism, with resistance to law enforcement, with usage of arms or attempt thereof, or committed by a
recidivist."
In
Argentina, most sports-related hooliganism is associated with football and
barras bravas groups. However at times it's also seen at other sports, such as
rugby and
basketball. During the period of military rule in the 1970s and early 1980s, hooligans were used by the government to attack pro-democracy protesters overseas. Since then they've been occasionally used by football club owners to attack business or political opponents..
References
Further Information
Get more info on 'Hooliganism'.
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